
Dentistry is the "evaluation, diagnosis, prevention and/or treatment (nonsurgical, surgical or related procedures) of diseases, disorders and/or conditions of the oral cavity, maxillofacial area and/or the adjacent and associated structures and their impact on the human body".[1] Those in the practice of dentistry are known as dentists. Other people aiding in oral health service include dental assistants, dental hygienists, dental technicians, and dental therapists.
A dentist is a healthcare professional qualified to practice dentistry after graduating with a degree of either Doctor of Dental Surgery (DDS), Doctor of Dental Medicine (DMD), Bachelor of Dentistry (BDent), Bachelor of Dental Science (BDSc), or Bachelor of Dental Surgery/Chirurgiae (BDS) or (BChD) or equivalent. In most western countries, to become a qualified dentist one must usually complete at least 4 years of postgraduate study[citation needed]. Generally, 2 years of clinical experience working with patients in an educational setting are required.[citation needed]. While in most countries, dentists neither earn a Doctorate degree, or medical degree, they are afforded the honorary title "Doctor".
General practitioners of dentistry prevent, evaluate, diagnose, and
treat diseases of the oral cavity and associated structures (e.g.
the temporomandibular joint), as well as maintain the functionality
and esthetics of the teeth and associated tissues and structures.
They can prescribe medication , x-rays, and devices for home or
in-office use. Many oral diseases (such as bilateral odontogenic
keratocysts) and abnormalities (such as several unerupted teeth) can
indicate systemic, neural, or other diseases. A general practitioner
may refer patients to their physician or a specialist for further
evaluation, or vice versa for treatment.
Contrary to popular belief, most dentists do not regularly clean
teeth, and instead delegate this task to other oral health providers
(e.g. dental hygienists). Most general practitioners of dentistry
perform restorative, prosthetic, routine endodontic therapy, routine
periodontal therapy, and simple exodontia, as well as performing
examinations. General practitioners can choose which cases to treat,
and which will be referred to a specialist for further care. Many
general practitioners are comfortable treating more complex cases,
as well as placing implants and surgically extracting third
molars(wisdom teeth). All dentists must achieve a certain degree of
skill in various disciplines in order to graduate from dental school
and earn licensure. Many complex procedures are frequently referred
to specialists.
[edit] Specialities
In addition to general dentistry, there are 9 recognized dental
specialties in the US, Canada, and Australia. To become a specialist
requires one to train in a residency or advanced graduate training
program. Once residency is completed, the doctor is granted a
certificate of specialty training. Many specialty programs have
optional or required advanced degrees such as (MD/MBBS specific to
Maxillofacial Surgery), MS, or PhD.
Dental public health (study of dental epidemiology and social health
policies),
Endodontics (root canal therapy and study of diseases of the dental
pulp),
Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology (study, diagnosis, and sometimes
the treatment of oral and maxillofacial related diseases),
Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology (study and radiologic
interpretation of oral and maxillofacial diseases),
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (extractions, facial surgery and
implants),
Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics (straightening of teeth
and modification of midface and mandibular growth),
Anesthesiology study how to relieve pain through advanced use of
local and general anesthesia techniques (not considered one of the
nine recognized dental specialties yet. CODA is in the process of
accrediting all dental anesthesiology programs however.)
Periodontics (study and treatment of diseases of the periodontium
(non-surgical and surgical), and placement and maintenance of dental
implants),
Pediatric Dentistry (i.e. dentistry for children, formerly known as
"pedodontics"),
Prosthodontics (dentures, bridges and the restoration of implants.
Some prosthodontists further their training in "oral and
maxillofacial prosthodontics--a discipline concerned with the
replacement of missing facial structures--such as ears, eyes, nose,
etc.)
Specialists in these fields are designated registrable (U.S. "Board
Eligible") and warrant exclusive titles such as orthodontist, oral
and maxillofacial surgeon, endodontist, pediatric dentist,
periodontist, or prosthodontist upon satisfying certain local (U.S.
"Board Certified"), (Australia/NZ: "FRACDS"), or (Canada: "FRCD(C)")
registry requirements.
Two other post-graduate formal advanced education programs: General
Practice Residency (advanced clinical and didactic training with
intense hospital experience) and Advanced Education in General
Dentistry (advanced training in clinical dentistry) recognized by
the ADA do not lead to specialization.
Special category: Oral Biology - Research in Dental and Craniofacial
Biology
Other dental education exists where no post-graduate formal
university training is required: cosmetic dentistry, dental implant,
temporo-mandibular joint therapy. These usually require the
attendance of one or more continuing education courses that
typically last for one to several days. There are restrictions on
allowing these dentists to call themselves specialists in these
fields. The specialist titles are registrable titles and controlled
by the local dental licensing bodies.
Forensic odontology consists of the gathering and use of dental
evidence in law. This may be performed by any dentist with
experience or training in this field. The function of the forensic
dentist is primarily documentation and verification of identity.
Geriatric dentistry or geriodontics is the delivery of dental care
to older adults involving the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment
of problems associated with normal ageing and age-related diseases
as part of an interdisciplinary team with other health care
professionals.
Veterinary dentistry, a speciality of veterinary medicine, is the
field of dentistry applied to the care of animals
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